NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT
Journal of the Faculties of Science and Agriculture, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
ISSN: 1119-9008
DOI: 10.5987/UJ-NJSE
Email: njse@universityjournals.org
Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-inflammatory Property of methanol extract of the leaves of Solanum nigrum Linn (Solanacecae)
DOI: 10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.102.3 | Article Number: 4F5D2B19 | Vol.10 (3) - December 2011
Authors: Okunrobo L. O. , Imafidon K. E. , Uwaya J. O. and Mendie M.
Keywords: Solanum nigrum, Phytochemical screening, anti-inflammatory activity, carragennan, paw oedema
Solanum nigrum leaves have been claimed to be use ethnomedicinally as an anti-inflammatory agent. It is used as poultice for rheumatic and gouty pain. It is also used in cutaneous or skin inflammation and bronchitis. This present study is to analyse the phytochemical constituents of the leaves of S. nigrum and its anti-inflammatory activity. Phytochemical screening on the leaves indicated the presence of Tannins, Saponins, Alkaloids, reducing sugars and carbohydrates. The antiinflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of Solanum nigrum was investigated using carrageneman- induced rat paw oedema in rats at doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. Results show a dose-dependent inflammatory inhibition (p < 0.05) between the third and fifth hours. On the basis of this study, it may be inferred that the leaves of Solanum nigrum has a significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory properties and hence justifies, its ethnomedical use as an antiinflammatory agent.
Adeyemi, O.O., Okpo, S.O. Onakade, A.A. (2005). Anti-inflammatory activity of
methanolic extract of Acanthus montanus. West Africa Journal of Pharmacology
and Drug Research. 21 (1 and 2): 13-17.
Akah, P.A, Njike, HA. (1990). Some pharmacological effects of rhizome aqueous
extract of Anchomanes difformis Fitoterapia.61: 368-370.
Akah, P.A., Nwambie, A.I. (1994). Evaluation of Nigerian traditional medicine:
plants used for rheumatic (inflammatory) disorders. Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
42:179-182
Athar, M., Sultana, S., Perwaiz, S., Iqbal, M. (1995). Crude extracts of hepatoprotective plants, Solanum nigrum and Cichorium intybus inhibit free radicalmediated DNA damage. Journal of Ethnopharmacolgy 45:189-192.
Chou, F., Lin, H., Tseng, H., Wang, C., Lin, J., Loa, C. (2008). Hepatoprotective effects of Solanum nigrum Linn extract against CCl4 in-duced oxidative damage
in rats. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 171: 283- 293.
Duffy, J.C., Deaden, J.C., Rostron, C. (2001). Design, Synthesis and biological
testing of a novel series of anti-inflammatory drugs. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 53: 1505 (2001).
Evans, W. C. (2002). Trease and Evans, Pharmacognosy, 5th Edn. W.B. Saunders,
London
Heo, K.S. and Lim, K.T. (2004). Antioxidative Effects of Glycoprotein Isolated from
Solanum nigrum L. Journal of Medicinal Food. 7 (3): 349-357.
Jainu, M. and Devi, C.S.S. (2004). Antioxidant effect of methanolic extract of Solanum nigrum berries on aspirin induced gastric mucosal injury. Indian Journal of
Clinical Biochemistry. 19: 65-70.
Ji, Y.B., Gao, S.Y., Ji, C.F. Zou, X (2008). Induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells by
solanine and Bcl-2 protein. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 115: 194- 202.
Katzung, B. G. (2004) Basic and clinical pharmacology, 9th Ed. drenocorticosteriods
and adrenocortical antagonists. McGraw Hill, London.
Kupeli, E., Muberra, K., Erdem, B., Ye Ilada, K. and Husnu, C B. (2002). A
comparative study on the inflammatory anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic effects
of isoquinoline alkaloids from the roots of turkish Berberis species. Life sciences..72 (6): 645-657
Lee, S.J. ang Lim, K.T. (2006). Glycoprotein isolated from Solanum nigrum Linne
stimulates caspase-3 activation and reduces inducible nitric oxide production in
HCT-116 cells. Toxicology in Vitro. 20: 1088- 1097.
Lim, K., Heo, H. and Lee, S. (2004). Cytotoxic effect of glycoprotein isolated from
Solanum nigrum L. through the inhibition of hydroxyl radical-induced DNAbinding
activities of NF-kappa B in HT-29 cells. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 17: 45-54.
Okunrobo, L.O., Usifoh, C.O., Ching, P.F. and Bariweni, M. (2009). Antiinflammatory evaluation of methanol extract and aqueous fraction of the leaves of Anthocleista djalonensis. Internet Journal of Pharmacology 7 (1)
Pagliosa, L.B., Monteiro, SC., DeAndrade, J.P., Dutih, J., Bastida, J., Cammarota, M. and Zuanazzi, J.A (2010). Effect of isoquinoline alkaloids from two hipperastrum species on invitro acetylcholinesterase activity Phytomedicine; 17 (8-
9): 698-701.
Satou, T., Akao, N., Matsuhashi, R., Koike, K., Fujita, K. and Nikaido, T. (2002).
‘Inhibitory effect of isoquinoline alkaloids on movement of second-stage larvae
Toxocara canis. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 25 (12): 1651-4
Singh, S.P., Raghavendra, K., Singh, R.K. and Subbarao, S.K. (2001). Studies on
larvicidal properties of leaf extract of Solanum nigrum Linn. (Family: Solanaceae).
Current Science 81(12): 1529-1530.
Surrender, S. and Mafumdar, D.K. (1995). Analgesic activity of ocinium sanctum
and its possible mechanism of action. International Journal Pharmacognosy 33 (3): 188-192.
Tang, J.T., Liu, X.M. and Gao, N.N. (2006). Review about mechanisms of anti-cancer of Solanum nigrum. Zhoug Guo Yao Wu Hua Zue Za Zhi 31: 1225-1226.
Trease, G.E. and Evans, W.C (2003). Textbook of Pharmcognosy, 13th Edition, Williams and Wilkins company, Maryland.
Winter, E. A., Risley, E..A. and Nuss, G. W. (1963). Carrageenan induced paw edema in hind paw as an assay for anti-inflammatory drugs. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 141: 369-373.
Zhou, X., He, X., Wang, G., Gao, H., Zhou, G., Ye, W. and Yao, X. (2006). Steroidal Saponins from Solanum nigrum. Journal of Natural Products. 69: 115 8-1163.