JOURNAL OF FOLKLORE/LITERATURE
Cyprus International University
DOI: 10.5897/UJ-FOLKLORE
Email: folkloredebiyat@ciu.edu.tr
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC (KÜğ) OF THE TURKIC WORLD
DOI: 10.5897/UJ-FOLKLORE.17.004.1 | Article Number: 4B40B0764 | Vol.89 (1) - January 2017
Author: Tansuğ Feza
Keywords: Instrumental music, Küğler, Turkic world
Turkic folk and traditional musics consist of a huge variety of regional genres spread over a vast geographical area. Turkic music cultures as defined in this paper comprise the instrumental musical traditions (küğ) in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Turk- menistan, and Uzbekistan. In addition to the instrumental musics of the six principal repub- lics, the musical instruments of some other Turkic peoples living in Afghanistan, China, Iran, Kosova, and Russia are also discussed.
A polysemic term, ‘küğ,’ is used by the Turkic speaking peoples throughout Asia with such meanings as ‘instrumental music,’ vocal music,’ ‘tune,’ ‘meter,’ ‘epic singing,’ ‘com- posing music,’ etc. In musicological literature of the Turkic world works on the küğ genre abound. Both Kazakh and Kyrgyz traditional music use the term küğ to refer to instrumental pieces commonly performed by a soloist and often contained improvised sections.
Traditional musical instruments discussed in the article are aerophones (balaban, boru, çifte, çifte düdük, çöğür, dilli tüydük, kaval, kuray, koşma, koşnay, mey, ney, sıbızgı, şur, tulum, tüydük, zurna); chordophones (bağlama, dombıra, dutar, ıklığ, igil, ııh, ikili, kanun, kemençe, kıyak, kobız, komuz, saz); idiophones (ağız komuzu, ağız tamburası, çeng, çeng ko- buz, çevgan, demir komuz, kobız, komus); memranophones (daf, daira, davul, kös, nakkare, tablak); and electrophones (synthesizer, amplified and electronic instruments).
Akhmediiarov, Karshyga (1999). Shynar; Kuiler zhinagy (Almatı).
--------- yay. haz. (2006). Kazak muzykasy; Antologiia, 5 cilt, (Almatı).
Beliaev, Viktor Mikhailovich (1962). Ocherki po istorii muzyki narodov SSSR: Muzykal’na- ia kul’tura Kirgizii, Kazakhstana, Turkmenii, Tadzhikistana i Uzbekistana (Moskova).
Diushaliev, Kamchybek Shamenovich ve Ekaterina Sergeevna Luzanova (1999). Kyrgyzskoe narodnoe muzykal’noe tvorchestvo: uchebnoe posobie (Bishkek).
Elemanova, Saida Abdrakhimovna, Gul’zada N. Omarova, Saira Shakirovna Raiymberge- nova ve Pernebek Shegebaevich Shegebaev (2006). Kazakhskaia muzykal’naia litera- tura (Astana).
Mergaliev, Tmat, Burkit Sarsenbai ve Duisen Orynbai (2000). Kazak kuilerinin tarikhy (Al- matı).
Mukhambetova, Asiia I. (2002). Kazakhskii kiui (ocherki istorii, teorii i estetiki) (Almatı). Picken, Laurence (1975). Folk Musical Instruments of Turkey (Londra).
Raiymbergenov, Abdulkhamit Iskakovich, ve Saira Amanova (1990). Kui kainary: Golosa narodnykh muz (Almatı).
Slobin, Mark (1976). Music in the Culture of Northern Afghanistan (Tucson).
--------- (1969). Kirgiz Instrumental Music (New York).
Tansuğ, Feza (2009). “A Bibliographic Survey of Kazakh and Kyrgyz Literature on Music”
Yearbook for Traditional Music No. 41: 199-220 (Canberra).
--------- (2008). Novyi vzgliad na muzyku tiurkskikh narodov Evrazii (İstanbul).
--------- (2005). “Türk Ses Dünyasında Halk Musikilerinin Dağılımı ve Sınıflaması” Folk- lor/Edebiyat No. 42: 7-14 (Ankara).
--------- (2003a). “Vvedeniye v mir turkskikh zvukov” Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi No. 6 (Bişkek).
--------- (2003b). “Music of the Turkic World” Birinci Uluslararası Türk Uygarlığı Kongresi Bildirileri içinde (Bişkek).
Tumanov, Ybyrai (1990). Kuulor [Küğler]. Boris Feferman, der. (Frunze).
Vinogradov, Viktor Sergeevich (1952). Toktogul Satylganov i kirgizskie akyny (Moskova/ Leningrad).
--------- (1958). Kirgizskaia narodnaia muzyka (Frunze).
--------- (1961). Muzykal’noe nasledie Toktogula (Moskova).
Zataevich, Aleksandr Viktorovich (1971). Kirgizskie instrumental’nye p’esy i napevy (Mos- kova).
--------- (2002). 500 kazakhskikh pesen i kiuev (Almatı).
--------- (2004). 1000 pesen kazakhskogo naroda (Almatı).